American Revolution

The French and Indian War left England with a huge war debt. How were they going to pay? Tax the colonists, of course!

Taxing was one source of revenue but there were other restrictions on trade and migration which would benefit the English government.

A restriction on migration included the Proclamation of 1763 which forbade colonists from settling west of an imaginary line which ran from Canada down to Georgia along the Appalachian mountains. The proclamation was supposed to protect settlers from hostile Indians as well as restrict trade between them.

Other new acts of taxation came into effect including the Sugar and Stamp Acts, Townshend Acts, and the Tea Act. These acts taxed everyday items and were supposed to prevent contraband trade.

The reaction to the Stamp Act, which basically taxed anything that was printed, included rioting and threats of revolution. The Stamp Act was repealed and replaced with the Townshend Act.

In reaction to the Townshend Act, Colonists boycotted English made goods.

In 1770, Bostonians feel that the British troops are more of a threat than protection. A crowd of angry civiliants taunt British soldiers that are guarding the Boston Customs House. The soldiers fire on 11 of them resulting in 5 deaths including Crispus Attucks, the first African-American killed in the American Revolution. This incident served as propaganda for anti-British colonists.

In reaction to the tea tax, a group of colonists disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians and boarded three ships carrying tea. They then dumped the tea into Boston Harbour. This would later be known as the Boston Tea Party.

Boston Merchants offered to pay for the tea but England passed a set of four new laws to punish the colonists for the lost tea and revenue collectively known as the Coersive Act.

The Coersive Act included: The Boston Port Act, The Massachusettes Government Act, The Impartial Administration of Justice Act and The Quartering Act.

England Passed a 5th law, The Quebec Act, that allowed French Canadians (now British Citizens) to continue their way of life. This was an act to prevent an uprising in Canada.

The four laws of the Coersive Act plus the Quebec Act were known as the Intolerable Act.

The First Continental Congress met in Philadelpha in September of 1774 and produced a "Declaration of rights" that asked for Peace, Liberty, and Security.

As the revolution begins colonists form Militias, citizen soldiers, and Minutemen, militia units ready to respond on a minute's notice to any threat from British troops

In 1775, the British are marching toward Concord, Massachusetts to search for a suspected munitions storage site. The minutemen are warned by Paul Revere, William Dawes, and a third rider, Dr. Samuel Prescott.

The minutemen meet the British troops at Lexington and skirmish with them. This is the first battle of the American Revolution and the "Shot heard around the world".

To help suppress the revolution, Lord Dunmore passes a proclamation offering freedom to all "indented servents, nergroes, or others, who would help put down the rebellion"

The Second Continental Congress met on May 10, 1775 and had two main goals: raise and supply and army and explore reconciliation with England.

The Second Continental Congress also chose George Washington as the Continental Army's Commander.

June 1775- Bunker Hill. The battle started at Breed's Hill and while the British lost more men, they were still victorious. The Continental soldiers volleyed at close range making their aim deadly.

The "Tyrant" we were fighting against was King George III.

On July 4, 1776, a formal statement was adopted by the Second Continental Congress declaring independence from England. The author was a young Virginian named Thomas Jefferson. The Declaration of Independence listed justifications for rebellion and declared the colonies to be independent of Britain.

On December 26, 1776, Washington captured a Hessian garrison wintering in Trenton, New Jersey. Hessians were soldiers hired by the British to fight the American rebels.

Reconciliation came in the form of the Olive Branch Petition. It was rejected by England.

The Boston Massacre was only one form of justification for independence. A pamphlet called "Common Sense", written by Thomas Paine, aka T Paine, laid out a lively and compelling case for independence.

Here are some of the revolutionary population:

Militia- citizen soldiers

Regulars - full-time soldiers

Loyalists - those loyal to England, aka "tories"

One man's hero is another man's traitor. And so was the case of General Benedict Arnold who took command of West Point only to have planned on surrendering it to the British. His plan was revealed when his courier was captured. Arnold then served in the British Army but was never trusted.

The Battle of Saratoga was a decisive American victory. After battles along the Hudston river, the British surrendered. This battle influenced the French to formally sign an alliance with the Americans and join the war.

The winter of 1777 -1778 at Valley Forge, PA was hard on the Continental Army. 2,000 men died from sickness and 8 to 10 men deserted per day. Most were starving and barefoot in the frigid cold winter.

Baron Friedrich von Steuben from Prussia helped train the Continental Army. The army had received money, loans, uniforms and weapons from other sources--France, Spain, Holland. Strict military training was lacking in the Continental Army and von Steuben's training changed them into professional soldiers.

With France as an American ally, Spain also joined in the war as an ally to France because of the Bourbon Family Compact. Both France and Spain were ruled by the same family, the Bourbons.

Spain's role in the American revolution included the blockade of the Mississippi River and fighting the British in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.

Governor Bernardo de Galvez, namesake of Galveston, was successful in defeating the British at the Battle of Saratoga which gave Florida back to Spain.

General Cornwallis, the commander of the British Army was outnumbered and out of provisions when General Washington and Compte de Rochanbeau from France met him at Yorktown, Virginia. Cornwallis surrendered and instead of surrendering his sword to Washington in person, he sent his second in command. Washington did the same.

Fighting would go on for another two years around the world: Caribbean, Atlantic, and India.

The treaty that ended the war and gave America its independence was the Treaty of Paris 1783.

French and Indian War

In 1754, England found itself in another war with France (after a series of wars which spread from Europe to the New World). This new war began as a dispute over the Ohio Valley. New England trappers were fierce competition against French trappers.

As the French began to extend their claim from Canada into the Ohio Valley, they built forts along the way. A young British major named George Washington was sent to kindly tell the French that they were encroaching on English land and that they should leave so the two sides could remain at peace with each other.

The first answer was "non". Washington then returned a group of Indian allies and armed Virginians who skirmished with a French encampment. Washington and his men then retreated and built Ft. Neccessity. The French attacked the fort and killed a significant number of men. Washington surrendered and was sent back to Virginia.

France had many early victories during the war including the capture of Ft. William Henry. However, the outcome of the war favored the British when their navy sailed toward France's two major settlements, Quebec and Montreal. After both French settlements fell, France surrendered. The formal treaty that ended the French and Indian War was The Treaty of Paris 1763.

18th Century New England Immigration

Between 1700 and 1770, New England colonies became more diverse. By 1770, the colonies became less Anglo and less white. Immigrants included Scots, Scots-Irish, Africans, Germans as well as a small percentage of English.

Many came for different reasons--either to escape war or poverty. Each group brought different religions and of course, language and culture.

While European immigrants came by choice, those from Africa did not. Most were slaves or servants. They are an example of forced migration.

Slavery in the colonies varied by region. Slaves in the north, if ever used, were used mostly for domestic work or raising livestock. Slaves in the south were primarily used for agriculture as southern crops depended on slave labor -- tobacco, rice, indigo, sugar, etc. Slave labor was necessary for he southern economy and to provide the old world with new world products.

For some, slavery and indentured servitude were the same thing. However, an indentured servant was only under a master for 4 to 7 years, while slaves were under complete control for their entire lives.

Some servants and slaves were able to buy their freedom. Olaudah Equiano (Gustavus Vass) was able to buy his freedom and publish his own narrative. He mentions how he was kidnapped and how he spent most of his life as a sailor.

African contributions to the new world include the banjoy, sweet potato, and musical rhythms.

The 18th Century also experienced The Great Awakening. Revivals led by George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards along with other preachers brought a new sense of spiritual enlightenment to the colonies.

Exam I

Exam I will consist of 70 questions - all multiple choice. I will provide the scantrons, just bring a pencil and maybe a lucky charm if needed. Good luck.

Also, today at 12:30, Pastors for Peace will be speaking about their Caravan through Mexico to Cuba. This will be in G-191.

Read Chapter 5 for tomorrow.

Monday's Main Topics

Northern and Middle Colonies

Maryland - haven for Catholics

Lord Baltimore

Pilgrims

Plymouth

Massachussetts Bay Colony

John Winthrop

Masoset

Squanto

New Amsterdam

New York

Charles I

Oliver Cromwell

Charles II

Duke of York

Manhattan

Manhate

Peter Minuit

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

William Penn

Quakers

Salem Wytche Trials

Navigation Acts

King Phillip's War

Southern Colonies

The Southern Colonies we discussed were early English settlements on the eastern coast of the U.S.

Roanoake

Jamestown

John Smith

Pocohantas

John Rolfe

Algonquin

Trade between the English and Indians

Tobacco trade

Virginia Company

Joint Stock Exchange

James I

Protestant Reformation

English Reformation

Henry VIII

Mary I "Bloody Mary"

Edward VI

Puritanism

Persecution of Puritans

Spanish Exploration

Treaty of Tordesillas

Geographic Revolution and Columbian Exchange

Race for land - England: John Cabot

Spanish Exploration:

Amerigo Vespucci

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Ferdinand Magellan

Portugal: Pedro Alvares Cabral

Martin Waldeemüller

Spanish Exploration and Conquest of Mexico

Hernan Cortes

Malinali

Montezuma

Francisco Pizarro

Juan Ponce de Leon

Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon

Panfilo de Narvaez

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

Hernando de Soto

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo

Spaniards vs. Aztecs

New Spain in the Sixteenth Century

Royal Fifth

Encomienda System

Social Hierachy defined by national origin or race

Research Project/Book Review

For your research project, you will be reviewing a history book written by historians for historians. This excludes children's books and fiction. The book you will choose can be on any American History topic from Ancient America thru 1865.

The review will be 2 to 3 pages, single-spaced, 12 point Times font. If you turn in less than 2 pages, it will cost you at least a letter grade.

This will be due August 2 at the beginning of class.

Below is the format/outline for your book review. Do include the bold text in your outline.

Title of Book (author, book, publisher)

Author: (author info should include academics, professional career, awards, other written works, etc)

Theme: (what the book is about)

Thesis: (what the author wants to prove)

Style and Method: (Style is the type of book, ie., narrative, chronology, biography, etc.)
(Method is how the author put the book together and the type of sources used)

Summary: (Explain what the book is about)

Critique: (Your conclusion about the text. Don't use first person)

Chapter 2

Here are the main topics we covered:

European Exploration

Need for Exploration

Black Plague

Portuguese Exploration

Mediterranean trade

Portuguese Explorers

Africa

Portuguese colonization and slave trade

Columbus

Chapter 1

These are the main topics we covered today:

Historians vs. Archeologists

Ancient America - early migration to the Americans

Ancient Cultures - Paleo-Indian hunters, Clovis and Post Clovis people, Archaic Hunters and Gatherers, Pacific Coast Cultures, Great Basin Culture, Great Plains Bison Hunters, East Woodland Cultures, Anasazi, Meso-American cultures

History 1301 - Summer II

Welcome to History 1301. You should have received a syllabus in class today. Below are scheduled dates for exams, research, etc.

July 12 - First day of class

July 20 - Exam I

July 28 - Exam II

August 2 - Research project due

August 4 - Last Day to Drop

August 5 - Exam III

August 11 - Final Exam

The Cold War

The Cold War can best be described as U.S. - Soviet relations after World War II. The Soviet influence on Eastern Europe brought distrust. The Soviet Union, once an ally in World War II, brought distrust by its influence in Eastern Europe. Countries such as Poland, Czechoslavakia, Bulgaria, Hungary as well as the eastern part of divided Germany would all fall to communism.

Topics:

American & Soviet relations

American Democracy vs. Soviet Communism

President Truman

Paths to Peace with the Soviet Union

U.S. Military presence (globally)

Atomic Monopoly

Soviet Expansion

The "Iron Curtain"

Eastern Bloc

Warsaw Pact vs. NATO

U.S. Reaction to Soviet Expansion

Containment Policy

Truman Doctrine

Marshall Plan

Berlin

Berlin Airlift

Global Response

Latin America - Rio Pact, Organization of American States

The Middle East

The Korean War

North Korea vs. South Korea - Communism vs. Democracy

Kim Il Sung, Syngman Rhee

38th Parallel

Invasion of South Korea

"Liberation of North Korea"

Peace Talks

Armistice and non-aggression treaty

Vietnam

Origins of foreign occupancy - French conquest

French Indochina

Viet Mihn and Vietnamese independence

Ho Chi Mihn

Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North) vs Republic of Vietnam (South)

Communist North Vs. Democratic South

17th Parallel

Hanoi

Saigon

President Kennedy and Vietnam

President Johnson and Vietnam

Viet Cong

Tonkin Gulf

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

William Westmoreland

Ho Chi Mihn Trail

Tet Offensive

American objection to Vietnam

Walter Cronkite

Richard Nixon

Vietnamization

Paris Peace Accords

War Powers Act

Roosevelt and World War II

While dealing with the Great Depression, Roosevelt is aware of Adolf Hitler and Germany's actions in Europle. Although France and England are drawn into war, Roosevelt, like Wilson, seeks to remain neutral. The United States is drawn into World War II not by Germany but by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. We fight on two fronts, the European Theater and the Pacific Theater. Early in the war, the allies are losing on both fronts but gain victories as the Soviets open a third front. The Nazi's cannot fight a three fronted war and are eventually pushed back to Germany where they make their last stand in Berlin. The Japanese are defeated with a new weapon, the atomic bomb, which the United States uses to destroy two major industrial cities. The new weapon forces the Japanese to unconditionally surrender.

Topics:

Adolf Hitler

Concentration camps

Jewish refugees in the Americas

Nativism/anti-semitism in the United States

Mario Luis Kreutzberger Blumenfeld

Invasion of Poland

Battle of Britain

Burke-Wadsworth Act

Land-Lease Act

Pearl Harbor

Singapore

Guam

Philippines

Hong Kong

Declaration of War on Japan

Allies

Axis

Anti-Japanese resentment

Anti-German, Austrian and Italian resentment

Interment Camps

Crystal City, Texas

Battle of Midway

Battle of Leyte

Battle of Okinawa

War Bonds

Rationing

Manhattan Project

Atomic Bomb

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

"Operation Overlord"

Battle of the Bulge

Conquest of Berlin

Surrender of Germany

Potsdam Conference

Alex

It looks like it missed us but we got a lot of rain and a few tornados

The Rise of Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler was a World War I veteran and receiver of two Iron Crosses for his bravery. He was a frustrated artist who eventually found his way into politics. After joining the German Worker's Party, he quickly rose up the ranks. The National Socialist German Worker's Party brought back nationalism to Germany after an embarrassing defeat in war as well as accepting blame and retribution for its role in starting the war.

Topics:

Hitler's early life

Hitler as a young artist in Vienna

Service in World War I

"Free Corps"

"Brown Shirts"

Weimar Republic

Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Nazi)

Anti-Semitism

Munich Beer Hall

Beer Hall Putsch

Hitler's arrest and imprisonment

Mein Kampf

The Third Reich

Political Career

Chancellor Hitler

Der Fürher

Oranienburg

Enabling Act

Nazi Censorship

Nuremberg Laws

1936 Berlin Olympics

Carl Lewis

Rome-Berlin Axis

Kristallnacht

Non-Agression Pact between Germany and Poland

Hitler's war against Poles

1939 - Invasion of Poland

Concentration Camps

Others targeted by Nazis included Gypsies, Jehovah's Witnesses, Poles, Slavs, homosexuals, the handicapped and even some Catholics and Catholic priests

Classes Canceled

Due to the threat of Hurricane Alex, STC will not be open Wednesday or Thursday.

The assignment that is due on Thursday can be emailed or brought in on Tuesday when we are expected to return.

We will continue with the Cold War.

The Great Depression and FDR

Hoover is blamed for the great depression. Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected president in 1932 and promises a "New Deal"

FDR's New Deal

Paths of the New Deal

Bank Holiday

Emergency Banking Bill

Fireside Chats

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Soil Conservation and Domestic Allocation Act

The Dust Bowl

Tennessee Valley Authority

Hoover Damn

Civilian Conservation Corps

Goliad State Park

Federal Emergency Relief Administration

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Social Security Act

Post War Europe

After World War I, Germany and Austria's rage for empire had been halted by Britain and its allies, including the new super power, United States of America.

The 1920's weren't only the age of Jazz and liquor, but continuing advancements in science and technology.

In 1920, the 19th Amendment was ratified, giving American women the right to vote.

The 1920 election was the first national election that included women voters. Warren G. Harding was elected President.

In 1921, an agricultural scientist named George Washington Carver appeared before Congress and presented the many uses for peanuts. Many of its uses included everything from pharmaceuticals and inks to shaving cream and soaps.

Because of Carver's research, he helped save the Southern economy from its reliance on cotton.

President James Earl Carter was a peanut farmer from Georgia.

August 2, 1923 - President Harding mysteriously dies after a tour of Alaska and the west.

August 3, 1923 - Calvin Coolidge becomes president

In 1924, IBM is founded and later becomes the leader of business/office machines

IBM helps in the development of the Mark I computer

1924 Election, Coolidge is (re)elected.

RCA transmits the first images via radio from London to New York

1925 - F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes The Great Gatsby

July 1925 - The Scopes Monkey Trail begins

1926 - Henry Ford replaces the 60 hour work week with the 40 hour work week which then becomes the standard work week

The US gets involved in Nicaragua to help suppress a rebellion by Augusto Cesar Sandino

1927 - Television is first demonstrated

Charles Lindbergh is the first to fly solo across the Atlantic and becomes an instant celebrity. His flight leads to advancements in aviation technology. While delivering airmail from Mexico City to New York, he stops in Brownsville, Texas.

1927 - Mt. Rushmore is dedicated and features the busts of Presidents Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and Roosevelt

1928 - Amelia Earhart becomes the first women to fly across the Atlantic
August - The Kellogg-Briand Pact outlaws war

Election of 1928 - Herbert Hoover is elected President

1929 - The Great Depression begins on Black Tuesday

1930 - Hoover signs the Veteran's Administration Act

1932 - The "Bonus Army" marches into Washington D.C.

Exam II

Exam II will be all multiple choice. There will be no questions on the Red Baron but there will be questions about the Populists, Progressive Era, Spanish American War, Presidents Roosevelt and McKinley, and World War I, as well as a few others. Good luck and see you in class. Email me if you have any questions.

June 23rd - President Wilson, WWI

Here are the main topics from today -

President Wilson

Wilson and Foreign Policy

Wilson and Mexico

Mexican Revolution

World War I - Cause and effect

American Neutrality in World War I

Cause of American involvement in World War I

Military Aviation

Treaty of Versailles

The Legacy of Theodore Roosevelt

Right now I'm listening to some John Lennon...but anyway, here are the major topics about Theodore Roosevelt that we went over:

The Legacy of Theodore Roosevelt-

Born in 1858 - had asthma as a child but thanks to his home gym, he built himself and eventually became an athlete at Harvard participating in rowing and boxing

The Naval War of 1812 - Roosevelt's first published book when he was only 23

Roosevelt became a New York Congressman in 1881

After being dissatisfied with politics, he lived on his ranch in the Badlands in the Dakota Territory where he adopted the "western" lifestyle

In 1897, he became the Assistant Secretary of the Navy but resigned to fight in the Spanish-American War.

In 1899, he became the 33rd Governor of New York

In 1901, he became President McKinley's Vice-President and eventually the President after McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York. The irony was that the x-ray machine that was on display at the exhibition could have saved McKinley's life.

As President, Roosevelt was known for "trustbusting" - using antitrust laws to prosecute and dissolve big businesses

One that he challenged was Northern Securities Company which had created a railroad monopoly in the Northwest

The company was charged with violation the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and ordered by the Supreme Court to disolve

Square Deal

1904 Election - Roosevelt's election

Hepburn Act

National Parks

Preservation

Conservation

John Muir

Roosevelt and the Brownsville Raid

The Panama Canal

William Crawford Gorgas

Bull Moose Party

Roosevelt's attempted assassination and death

Progressivism Part II - Race Relations

This is what we talked about on Tuesday, June 22...

Racial Issues during the Progressive Era

The issue of "race" was not as important as other causes during the Progressive Era such as Women's suffrage, prohibition, labor conditions

Basically, few white progressives looked at the African-American situation

Ray Stannard Baker's "Following the Color Line"

Constitutional Rights vs Civil Rights - Blacks still faced discrimination and prejudice, violence and inequality in most parts of the nation

Violence - lynchings, "mob justice", etc.

Reasons and justification for "mob justice"

Ida B. Wells

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

W.E.B. Du Bois

The Brownsville Raid

Test Results, etc.

By now, everyone should know how they did on the exam. As far as grades and averages go, I'll try to have most of the book reviews graded by Thursday and averages available before the drop date (June 30).

The Progressive Era Part 1

This is what we discussed on Monday, June 21.

The Progressive Era - 1900 - 1917

Changes in the United States - politics, technology, organized labor, social and moral reform

Improvements in professions - lawyers, doctors, teachers, carpenters, etc

Unions and professions begin to network and improve their trade

Social Changes:

• Labor Issues
• Ethnic and racial groups
• Moral reform

Definition of "progressivism" and "progressives"

Three main developments during the 1900's

New Government Activities during the Progressive Era

Reform during the Progressive Era - Poverty, Settlement Houses, Hull House, Settlement Houses in Urban and Rural areas

Women and Society

Women Suffrage

Women's Temperance Movement

Temperance vs. Prohibition

Alcohol as a social and moral issue

The Anti-Saloon League - Alcohol and politics

The Mann Act

Jack Johnson

Socialist Party of America

Wobblies

Muckraking

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair

Pure Food and Drug Act

Meat Inspection Act

City Government Reform

Public Health

Cultural Change in Art and Music

Scott Joplin

John Phillip Sousa

Ash Can School

The Armory Show of 1913

American Imperialism/Spanish American War

This is what we covered on Thursday, June 17:

American Imperialism:

Expansionist Ideals of the 19th Century

Manifest Destiny

Josiah Strong's "Our Country"

Rudyard Kipling - The White Man's Burden

American Expansion

Trade with Asia

Importance of Hawaii

U.S. - Hawaiian relations

Trade with Cuba - U.S. - Cuban relations

American sentiment for Cuban Independence

reconcentration

yellow journalism

President Cleveland and Spain

President McKinley and Spain

Causes of the Spanish-American War

Major events of the War - Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico

George Dewey

Theodore Roosevelt

Military Hardships

Racial Tension in the US Military

Treaty of Paris

Aftermath of the Spanish-American War

American annexation of Spanish territories

June 16 Lecture

Thursday's lecture was on "populism", the "people's party":

Origin of the "People's Party"

Purpose of the People's Party

Farmer's Alliances

Three main issues of the People's Party

Structural changes of the government wanted by the People's Party

Initiative

Referendum

Support of Women's suffrage and civil rights

1892 Election

Election of 1896

Republican Candidate

Republican Platform

Democrat Candidate

Democrat Platform

Republican Dominance of National Politics

Election reform

Types of voters

Influence on voters and the election

World Affairs

Modernization of the US Navy

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Benjamin F. Tracy

More from Chapter 17 - The New Middle Class

Middle-Class

Suburbs

Education

New Roles of Middle-class women

Middle-Class Professions

Exam on Tuesday

I'm working on the exam for Tuesday. Since some of you have asked about a study guide, your best bet is to use your lecture notes and the blog posts.

First Exam

Just a reminder - our first exam will be on Tuesday. It will be multiple choice on scantrons but don't worry about the scantrons because the 500 I ordered came in today. Just bring a pencil and a clear head.

Format for Book Review

In lieu of a research paper, I'm assigning two book reviews. Make sure that the book you choose is a history book. (No textbooks). The first book review will be due no later than June 17. You should have a book by now. Don't let the deadline sneak up on you. In other words, don't wait until the last minute.

Below, you'll find the format/outline. Remember, you should have no less than 1 1/2 pages and no more than two. If you have any questions, please ask.

---

Author's name, title of book, publisher, year it was published

Author:

Theme:

Thesis:

Style & Method:

Summary:

Critique:

Thursday's Lecture

Immigration in the 19th Century

Immigration in the 1870’s & 1880’s

Immigration after 1890

Diversity of immigrants

Nativism

“New Immigrants” vs “Old Immigrants”

ethnocentrism

Anti-Immigrant sentiment

Chinese immigration

Workingmen’s Party of California-

Chinese Exclusion Act

The New Urban America

Demographics of major cities

American migration

Contributions to urban growth

Attractiveness to major cities

Prosperity vs. Poverty

Jacob Riis

tenements

Chicago

Chapter 16

Here are the topics from Wednesday:

Chapter 16

An Industrial Order Emerges, 1865-1880

“The United States was born in the country and has moved to the city” – Richard Hofstadter

Post Civil War economic and Social transformations

Industrialization- New industries from natural resources

Contributors to industrialization

Transformation of Agriculture

Homestead Act of 1862

Protective tariff

Land-Grant College Act 1862

Railroads and Industry

Pacific Railway Act

standard gauge

Chicago

Steel Industry

Andrew Carnegie

Politics

How Party Candidates were chosen

Political Platform

Party Tactics (Democrats and Republicans)

Party Platforms (Democrats and Republicans)

Party Voters (Democrats and Republicans)

Party Loyalists

Patronage System

Kickbacks

William Marcy Tweed

Election of 1872

Grant's Presidency

Congressional Change

Grant’s scandals

1876 Election

Rutherford B. Hayes

The United States and the World

William H. Seward and the Alaska Purchase

Instructional Videos on Reconstruction

Reconstruction Begins

Presidential Reconstruction

Congressional Reconstruction

Black Codes

Johnson's Impeachment

The Reconstructed South

Reconstruction Ends

Reconstruction (Cont.)
Johnson vs. Congress

Johnson and Congress definitely have their differences, especially since Johnson is not only a Republican but a sympathetic Southerner facing Radical Republicans in Congress.


Military Reconstruction Act

Command of the Army Act

Tenure of Office Act

Johnson's Impeachment Trial

Unlikely alliance of Republicans and Democrats vs. Radicals

Outcome of Johnson Impeachment Trial

Political Terrorism and the Election of 1868

Election of 1868 -

Republican Ulysses S. Grant vs. Democrat Horatio Seymour

Campaign brings violence to the South

Grant's victory caused radicals to move toward voting rights for blacks

15th Amendment

1870, 1871 KKK Acts

1871 Persecution of Klansmen

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Black Reconstruction

Black Reconstruction - when Blacks took an active role in state and local government

Republican Party in the south

Blacks in Congress

Scalawags

Carpetbaggers

Education for Freed People

"Black Only" schools vs integrated schools

Integration vs Segregation

The funding of separate schools

Frederick Douglas' thoughts on segregated schools.

Division within the Republican party due to the issue of segregation in schools - white Republicans favored segregation

Reconstruction 1865 -1877

The Reconstruction Era can be found in Chapter 15. It was a long process to "reconstruct" the South and the nation after the war.

Here are major topics we covered on Monday:

Major Changes during Reconstruction (Social, Political, Economic and Constitutional)

Ratification of the 13th Amendment

Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty or 10% plan

Wade-Davis Bill

Johnson's Reconstruction Plan

Free Society

Freedom to travel without the "pass system"

Finding lost family

The creation of a new black society - schools, churches, fraternal orders, benevolent societies, newspapers

Church membership and its importance in society

Freedom to worship without white supervision

Land and Labor
"40 Acres and a Mule"
Special Field Order No. 15 - set aside the Sea Islands and land along the South Carolina coast for freed families. Each family was to receive 40 acres and the loan of an army mule.

Thaddeus Stevens proclaimed that only land would give the freed people control over their own labor.

Southern land was divided into 40 acre plts and given to freed people but President Johnson stopped land distribution and gave land back to former owners which displaced many freed slaves. This led to disappointment and betrayal.

"Sharecropping"

Def: A system for renting farmland in which tenant farmers give landlords a share of their crops, rather than cash, as rent.

Many sharecroppers found themselves in debt to landowners because of loans of seed, equipment, etc. This led to "crop liens". As sharecroppers found themselves heavily in debt to landowners, sharecropping began to resemble slavery.

The White South - Confronting Change

Before the war, few white southerners owned slaves, and very few owned large plantations and large numbers of slaves.

Some small-scaled farmers resisted secession and welcomed the Yankees.

Most white-southerners shared the "bitterest hatred toward the North" - even those not associated with slavery.

The yankee presence during reconstruction built animosity toward the north.

Between 1865 and 1866, state legislatures started to pass "black codes" which included vagrancy laws.

Reconstruction also led to the emergence of the KKK whose major goal was to restore white supremacy and destroy the Republican Party.

Read about the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

1868 - 14th Amendment

Summer I - 2010

Welcome to History 1302 -

The class meeting times are as follows:

1302 W01 - 10:00 to 12:20 - Room G-167
1302 W02 - 12:30 to 2:50 - Room G-112

Everyone should have received a syllabus and course outline and should know what to expect during the first Summer secession.

Below is the course outline:

Course Outline

June 7 – Introduction to course, review of syllabus and course outline. Chapter 15 – Reconstruction – Political, Economic, and Social Changes in the South

June 8 – Reconstruction(cont.)

June 9 – Chapter 16 – American Industrialization, The Legacy of President Grant

June 10 – Chapter 17 – Urbanization and Industrialization, “The Gilded Age”, Immigration in the 19^th Century

June 14 – Chapter 17, 18 - , The new “middle-class”, Transforming the West

June 15 – Exam I

June 16 – Chapter 19 –American Imperialism, McKinley Legacy

* June 17 Chapter 19 – U.S. Foreign Policy, The Spanish American War

June 21 – Chapter 20 – The Progressive Era, Social and Moral Reform, Women’s Suffrage, The Legacy of Theodore Roosevelt

June 22 – The Progressive Era (cont) – Racial Issues, Labor and Socialists, Cultural Changes in the 20^th Century

June 23 – Chapter 21 - President Wilson; The Mexican Revolution, World War I

June 24 – Exam II

June 28 – Chapter 22 - Post War United States and Europe, the Prosperous 1920’s

June 29 Chapter 23 – The Great Depression, The Legacy of FDR

June 30 – Chapter 24 - The Rise of Adolf Hitler, World War II

* July 1 – Chapter 25 – The Cold War, Korean Conflict

July 5 – No class

July 6 – Chapter 26, 27 – Civil Rights, Legacy of JFK, Legacy of Dr. Hector P. Garcia

July 7 – Chapter 27, 28, 29 - Legacy of Lyndon B. Johnson, Viet Nam, AIM, The end of the Cold War

July 8 – Final Exam

* Denotes due dates for class projects

Spring Semester

The Spring semester is officially over. Overall, classes did very good. Have a great summer!

Texas Independence Celebration

Texas Independence Celebration

Marching down Main Street

Deuce!

Me and my shawty

Texas Independence Day Celebration

Saturday, the 27th, the San Benito Historical Society will be having a Texas Independence Day Celebration. This event will be worth extra credit. I hope you can make it.

Texas Independence Day Celebration

Schedule for Saturday, February 27, 2010

10:30 AM- Parade to Plaza Begins

11:00 AM - Rider less Horse Ceremony / Honor Guard - Plaza San Benito

11:15 AM - Band / Music, Plaza San Benito

11:30 AM - Proclamation, Plaza San Benito

11:45 AM - Speaker, Plaza San Benito (outside)

12:00 Noon - Speaker, Plaza San Benito, (inside)

12:15 PM - Speaker, Plaza San Benito, (inside)

12:30 PM - Plaza San Benito, Battle Reenactment, 1st Skirmish

1:00 PM - visit with Reenactors , art, food

1:30 PM - Choir (inside)

2:00 PM- 2nd Skirmish

2:30 PM- Signing of Declaration

3:00 PM - Art Show Awards

3:45 PM - Battle of Alamo

4:30 PM - End

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